IMPORTANT VENUES OF SPORTS
TOURNAMENTS
* 2013 World Chess Championship -India
* 2014 Asian Games - Incheon (S.korea)
* 2014 Commonwealth Games - Glascow
(Scotland)
* 2014 World Cup Football - Brazil
* 2013 Confederation Cup -Brazil
* 2016 - Euro Cup - France
* 2015 World Cup cricket - Australia & Newzealand
* 2014 20 -20 world cup - Bangladesh
* 2016 Summer Olympics - Rio De Janeiro (Brazil)
* 2014 Winter Olympics - Sochi (Russia)
* 2014 Youth Olympics - Nanjing (china)
* 2014 Hockey world Cup – Hague

TYPES OF CHEQUES

1. Order Cheque: A cheque which is payable to a particular person or his order is called an order cheque.
2. Bearer Cheque: A cheque which is payable to a person whosoever bears, is called bearer cheque.
3. Blank Cheque: A cheque on which the drawer puts his signature and leaves all other columns blank is called a blank cheque.
4. Stale Cheque: The cheque which is more than six months old is a stale cheque.
5. Multilated Cheque: If a cheque is torn into two or more pieces, it is termed as mutilated cheque.
6. Post Dated Cheque: If a cheque bears a date later than the date of issue, it is termed as post dated cheque.
7. Open Cheque: A cheque which has not been crossed is called an open cheque. Even if a cheque is crossed and subsequently the drawer has cancelled the crossing at the request of the payee and affixes his full signature with the words “crossing cancelled pay cash”, it becomes an open cheque.
8. Crossed Cheque: A cheque which carries too parallel transverse lines across the face of the cheque with or without the words “I and co”, is said to be crossed.
9. Gift Cheques: Gift cheques are used for offering presentations on occasions like birthday, weddings and such other situations. It is available in various denominations.
10. Traveller’s Cheques: It is an instrument issued by a bank for remittance of money from one place to another.

List of Revolutions

• Black Revolution - Petroleum Production
• Blue Revolution - Fish Production
• Brown Revolution - Leather/non-conventional(India)/Cocoa production
• Golden Fibre Revolution - Jute Production
• Golden Revolution - Fruits/Overall Horticulture development/Honey Production
• Green Revolution - Food grains
• Grey Revolution - Fertilizer
• Pink Revolution - Onion production/Pharmaceutical (India)/Prawn production
• Red Revolution - Meat & Tomato Production
• Round Revolution - Potato
• Silver Fiber Revolution - Cotton
• Silver Revolution - Egg/Poultry Production
• White Revolution (In India: Operation Flood) - Milk/Dairy production
• Yellow Revolution - Oil Seeds production
• Evergreen Revolution - Overall development of Agriculture

Longest, Largest, Biggest, Smallest, Tallest and Highest
Longest river (India) Ganges

Longest river (World) Nile

The longest tributary river of India Yamuna

The longest river of the south Godavari

Highest mountain peak Godwin Austin(k2)

Largest lake (Fresh water) Wular lake (Kashmir)

Highest Dam Tehri Dam on Bhagirathi River

Largest Mosque Jama Masjid, Delhi

Longest Road Grand Trunk Road

State with longest coastline Gujarat

Largest railway route Dibrugarh in Assam to Kannyakumari in Tamil Nadu

Longest tunnel Jawahar tunnel (Jammu & Kashmir)

Longest national highway NH-7 which runs from Varanasi to Kanyakumari

Longest Dam Hirakod Dam (Orissa)

Longest River Bride Mahatma Gandhi Setu, Patna

Longest populated city Mumbai (1.60 crore)

Largest Museum National Museum, Kolkata

Largest Delta Sunderban Delta, W. Bengal

Largest Dome Gol Gumbaz, Bijapur (Karnataka)

Largest Zoo Zoological Gardens, Alipur, Kolkata

Largest man-made Lake Govind Vallabh Pant Sagar (Rihand Dam)

Largest Desert Thar (Rajasthan)

Highest Tower Pitampura Tower, Delhi

Smallest State (Area) Goa

Smallest State (Population) Sikkim

Highest Waterfall Gersoppa waterfall (Karnataka)

Longest Electric railway line From Delhi to Kolkata via Patna

Densest populated State West Bengal

Largest cave temple Kailash temple, Ellora (Maharashtra)

Largest animal Fair Sonepur (Bihar)

Highest Gateway Buland Darwaza, Fatehpur Sikri (Agra)

Biggest Hotel Oberal –Sharaton (Mumbai)

Largest State (Area) Rajasthan

Largest State (Population) Uttar Pradesh

Place of heaviest rainfall Mausinram (Meghalaya)

Largest corridor Rameshwaram temple corridor (Tamil Nadu)

Largest cantilever span bride Howrah Bridge (Kolkata)

Largest forest state M.P.

Highest straight gravity Dam Bhakra Dam

Longest Railway Platform Kharagpur (W. Bengal)

Largest Stadium Salt lake (Yuva Bharti), Kolkata

Largest Port Mumbai

Highest Lake Devatal (Garhwal)

Largest Lake (Saline water) Chika lake,Orissa

Highest Award Bharat Ratna

Highest Gallantry Award Paramveer Chakra

Largest Gurudwara Golden Temple, Amritsar

Deepest river valley Bhagirathi & Alaknanda

State with longest coastline of South India Andhra Pradesh

Longest river which forms estuary Narmada

Largest Church Saint Cathedral (Goa)

Longest Beach Marina Beach, Chennai

Highest Battle field Siachin Glacier

Highest Airport Len (Laddakh)

Largest river island Majuli (Brahmaputra river, Assam)

Largest Planetarium Birla Planetarium

SPORTS AWARDS 2013
Rajiv Gandhi Khel Ratna award: Ronjan
Sodhi.
The Arjuna awardees: ¤ Virat Kohli
(Cricket)
¤ Chekrovolu Swuro (Archery)
¤ Renjith Maheshwary (Athletics)
¤ P V Sindhu (Badminton)
¤ Kavita Chahal (Boxing)
¤ Rupesh Shah (Snooker)
¤ Gaganjeet Bhullar (Golf)
¤ Saba Anjum (Hockey)
¤ Rajkumari Rathore (Shooting)
¤ Joshna Chinappa (Squash)
¤ Mouma Das (Table Tennis)
¤ Neha Rathi (Wrestling)
¤ Dharmendra Dalal (Wrestling)
¤ Amit Kumar Saroha (Athletics)

SOME IDIOMS WITH EXAMPLE SENTENCE
1. As easy as pie : Very easy.
"I thought you said this was a difficult problem. It isn't. In fact, it's as easy as pie."

2. At the eleventh hour : At the last minute; Almost too late.
"Yes, I got the work done in time. I finished it at the eleventh hour, but I wasn't late.

3. Blabbermouth: A very talkative person--especially one who says things that should be kept secret.
"Don't say anything to Bob unless you want the whole office to know. Bob's quite a blabbermouth."

4. Blow one's top: Become extremely angry.
A: "Was your father upset when you came home at 3 AM?"
B: "He was more than upset. He blew his top!"

5. Boom box: Portable cassette/CD player.
"Don't forget to bring your boom box to the picnic!"

WINNERS OF NATIONAL FILM AWARDS 2013
1. Best regional film: `Vazhakku En 18/9 and, `Eega`
2. Best film on social issues: `Spirit` (Malayalam)
3. Best film - wholesome entertainment: ‘Vicky Donor’
4. Best supporting actor: Annu Kapoor
5. Best Supporting Actress: Dolly Ahluwalia for Vicky Donor
6. Best original screenplay: Sujoy Ghosh for ‘Kahaani’
7. Best screenplay (adapted): ‘OMG Oh My God’
8. Best actress: Usha Jadhav for Marathi film 'Dhaag'
9. Best sound recording: Gangs of Wasseypur
10. Special Jury Award - Actress: Parineeti Chopra for 'Ishaqzaade'
11. Special Jury Award - Actor: Nawazuddin Siddiquie for 4 films
12. Special Jury Award - Film: Rituporno Ghosh for 'Chitrangada'
13. Best Playback Singer - Male: Shankar Mahadevan for the song 'Bolo Na' from the film 'Chittagong'
14. Best Playback Singer - Female: Aarti Anklekar Tikekar for Marathi film 'Samhita'
15. Best actor: Irffan Khan for 'Paan Singh Tomar' and Vikram Gokhalefor Marathi film 'Anumati'

IMPORTANT BANKING COMMITTEES
1. BD Shah Committee : Stock Lending Scheme
2. BD Thakar Committee : Job Criteria In Bank Loans (Approach)
3. Bhagwati Committee : Unemployment
4. Bhagwati Committee : Public Welfare
5. Bhave Committee : Share Transfer Reforms
6. Chatalier Committee : Finance To Small Scale Industry
7. Bhootlingam Committee : Wage, Income & Prices
8. C Rao Committee : Agricultural Policy
9. CE Kamath Committee : Multi Agency Approach In Agricultural Finance
10. Bhide Committee : Coordination Between Commercial Banks And SFC's

LIST OF INTERNET DOMAINS & ITS ABBREVIATION
.com → commercial Internet sites.
.edu → educational sites .
.firm → for an Internet site for a business.
.gov → for a government site on the Internet.
.int → international institutions.
.mil → for a U.S. military site on the Internet.
.mobi → for mobile phones.
.nato → for NATO sites.
.net → for Internet administrative sites.
.nom → for a personal site on the Internet.
.org → for organizational Internet sites.
.store →for a retail business.
.web → for an Internet site that is about the World Wide Web.

GENERATIONS OF COMPUTER

1. First Generation (1946-1959) : 
In first generation vaccum tubes were used for circuitry and magnetic drums for memory. They used the "Stored Program Concept" and they were very large in size taking up the entire rooms and generating a lot of heat. Machine languages were used for giving the instructions.
Examples: 
ENIAC (Electronic Numerical Integrator And Calculator) was the first electronic computer developed.
EDVAC: Electronic Discrete Variable Automatic Computer
EDSAC: Electronic Delay Storage Automatic Computer 
UNIVAC-I: The Universal Automatic Computer

2. Second Generation (1959-1965) : 
This generation using the transistor were cheaper, consumed less power, more compact in size, more reliable and faster than the first generation machines made of vaccum tubes. In this generation, magnetic cores were used as primary memory and magnetic tape and magnetic disks as secondary storage devices. 
In this generation assembly language and high level programming language like FORTRAN, COBOL were used. There were Batch processing and Multiprogramming Operating system used.
Examples: IBM 1620,IBM 7094, CDC 1604, CDC 3600, UNIVAC 1108

3. Third Generation (1965-1971) : 
The development of the integrated circuit(I.C) was the hallmark of the third generation of computers. A single I.C has many transistors, resistors and capacitors along with the associated circuitry. The I.C was invented by Jack Kilby. This development made computers smaller in size, reliable and efficient.
In this generation Remote processing, Time-sharing, Real-time, Multi-programming Operating System were used. High level language (FORTRAN-II TO IV, COBOL, PASCAL PL/1, BASIC, ALGOL-68 etc.) were used during this generation.
Examples: IBM-360 series, Honeywell-6000 series, PDP(Personal Data Processor)

4. Fourth Generation (1971-1980) : 
Medium scale integrated circuits yielded to Large Scale Integration (LSI) and Very Large Scale Integration (VLSI) circuits. It led to the advent of microprocessor (CPU on a single chip) and marked the beginning of the fourth generation computers. Semi conductor memories replaced magnetic core memories. The cost of computer came down so rapidly. The accessing and processing speeds and increased memory capacity helped in development of much more powerful operating systems.
Examples: DEC 10, STAR 1000, PDP 11, CRAY-1(Super Computer), CRAY-X-MP(Super Computer)

5. Fifth Generation (1980-Present) : 
In the fifth generation, the VLSI technology became ULSI (Ultra Large Scale Integration) technology, resulting in the production of microprocessor chips having ten million electronic components. This generation is based on parallel processing hardware and AI (Artificial Intelligence) software. AI is an emerging branch in computer science, which interprets means and method of making computers think like human beings.
All the Higher level languages like C and C++, Java, .Net etc. are used in this generation.
Examples: Desktop, Laptop, NoteBook, UltraBook, ChromeBook

ONE WORD SUBSTITUTION

1. A person who believes in fate -Fatalist
2. A person who is above hundred years -Centenarian
3. A book published after the death of its author -Posthumas
4. A book written by an unknown author -Anonymous
5. A cinema show which is held in the afternoon -Matinee
6. A citizen of the world -Cosmopolitan
7. A contagious disease which spreads over a huge area -Epidemic
8. A drug or other substance that induces sleep -Soporific
9. A flesh eating animal -Carnivorous
10. A game in which neither party wins -Draw
11. A game in which no one wins -Draw
12. A game or batter in which neither party wins -Drawn/ Tie
13. A Government by a king or queen -Monarchy
14. A Government by one -Autocracy
15. A Government by the few -Oligarchy

16. A person who finds pleasure by inflicting pain on others = Sadist
17. A general pardon of political offender = Amnesty
18. A person who is made to bear the blame due to others = Scapegoat
19. A person who pays much attention to his clothes and appearance = Dandy
20. A person hard to please = Fastidious
21. A person who considers himself superior to others in culture and intellect = Highbrow
21. A wishful longing for something one has known in the past = Nostalgia
22. The art of cutting trees and bushes in to ornamental shapes = Topiary
23. An associate in an office or institution = Colleague
24. A person who believes in God = Theist

PRESIDENTS OF INDIA

1) Rajendra Prasad (1950-1962)
2) Sarvapalli Radhakrishnan (1962-1967)
3) Zakir Hussain (1967-1969)
4) Varahagiri Venkata Giri (1969-1974)
5) Fakhruddin Ali Ahmed (1974-1977)
6) Neelam Sanjiva Reddy (1977-1982)
7) Zail Singh (1982-1987)
8) Ramaswamy Venkataraman (1987-1992)
9) Shankar Dayal Sharma (1992-1997)
10) Kocheril Raman Narayanan (1997-2002)
11) Avul Pakir Jainulabdeen AbdulKalam (2002-2007)
12) Pratibha Patil (2007-2012)
13) Pranab Mukherjee (2012-Present )

LIST OF ORGANISATIONS DECLARED AS TERRORIST ORGANISATIONS UNDER THE UNLAWFUL ACTIVITIES (PREVENTION) ACT, 1967 :

1. Babbar Khalsa International
2. Khalistan Commando Force
3. Khalistan Zindabad Force
4. International Sikh Youth Federation
5. Lashkar-e-Taiba/Pasban-e-Ahle Hadis
6. Jaish-e-Mohammad/Tahrik-e-Furqan
7. Harkat-ul-Mujahideen/Harkat-ul-Ansar/Harkat-ul-Jehad-e-Islami
8. Hizb-ul-Mujahideen/ Hizb-ul-Mujahideen Pir Panjal Regiment
9. Al-Umar-Mujahideen
10. Jammu and Kashmir Islamic Front
11. United Liberation Front of Assam (ULFA) 
12. National Democratic Front of Bodoland (NDFB)
13. People’s Liberation Army (PLA)
14. United National Liberation Front (UNLF)
15. People’s Revolutionary Party of Kangleipak (PREPAK)
16. Kangleipak Communist Party (KCP)
17. Kanglei Yaol Kanba Lup (KYKL)
18. Manipur People’s Liberation Front (MPLF)
19. All Tripura Tiger Force
20. National Liberation Front of Tripura
21. Liberation Tigers of Tamil Eelam (LTTE)
22. Students Islamic Movement of India
23. Deendar Anjuman
24 Communist Party of India (Marxist-Leninist) -- People’s War, All its formations and front organizations
25. Maoist Communist Centre (MCC), All its formations and Front Organisations
26. Al Badr
27. Jamiat-ul-Mujahideen
28. Al-Qaida
29 Dukhtaran-e-Millat (DEM)
30. Tamil Nadu Liberation Army (TNLA)
31. Tamil National Retrieval Troops (TNRT)
32. Akhil Bharat Nepali Ekta Samaj (ABNES)
33. Organisations listed in the Schedule to the U.N. Prevention and Suppression of Terrorism (Implementation of Security Council Resolutions) Order,2007 made under section 2 of the United Nations (Security Council) Act, 1947 (43 of 1947) and amended from time to time

34. Communist Party of India (Maoist) all its formations and front organisations
35. Indian Mujahideen and all its formations and front organisations

LIST OF MINISTERS OF STATE

1. Ministry of External Affairs - Shri E. Ahamed
2. Ministry of Home Affairs - Shri Mullappally
Ramachandran
3. Ministry of Personnel, Public Grievances and
Pensions, Prime Minister's Office - Shri V.
Narayanasamy
4. Ministry of Commerce and Industry - Smt. D.
Purandeswari
5. Ministry of Petroleum and Natural Gas, Ministry
of Textiles - Smt. Panabaka Lakshmi
6. Ministry of Social Justice and Empowerment -
Shri Manikrao Hodlya Gavit
7. Ministry of Finance - Shri Namo Narain Meena
8. Ministry of Health and Family Welfare - Smt.
Santosh Chowdhary
9. Ministry of Human Resource Development - Shri
Jitin Prasada
10. Ministry of External Affairs - Smt. Preneet Kaur
11. Ministry of Road Transport and Highways - Shri
Tusharbhai Chaudhary
12. Ministry of Coal - Shri Pratik Prakashbapu Patil
13. Ministry of Home Affairs - Shri R.P.N. Singh
14. Ministry of Human Resource Development - Dr.
Shashi Tharoor
15. Ministry of Rural Development - Shri Pradeep
Jain
16. Ministry of Civil Aviation - Shri K.C. Venugopal
17. Ministry of Agriculture; Ministry of Food
Processing Industries - Shri Charan Das Mahant
18. Ministry of Communications and Information
Technology, Ministry of Shipping - Shri Milind
Deora
19. Ministry of Parliamentary Affairs, Ministry of
Planning - Shri Rajeev Shukla
20. Ministry of Labour and Employment - Shri
Kodikunnil Suresh
21. Ministry of Agriculture and Ministry of Food
Processing Industries - Shri Tariq Anwar
22. Ministry of Railways - Shri K.J. Surya Prakash
Reddy
23. Ministry of Tribal Affairs - Smt Ranee Narah
24. Ministry of Railways - Shri Adhir Ranjan
Chowdhury
25. Ministry of Health and Family Welfare - Shri
A.H. Khan Choudhury
26. Ministry of Road Transport and Highways - Shri
Sarvey Sathyanarayana
27. Ministry of Minority Affairs - Shri Ninong Ering
28. Ministry of Urban Development - Smt Deepa
Dasmunsi
29. Ministry of Social Justice and Empowerment -
Shri Porika Balram Naik
30. Ministry of Communication and Information
Technology - Dr.(Smt) Kruparani Killi
31. Ministry of Rural Development - Shri Lalchand
Kataria
32. Ministry of Commerce and Industry - Dr. E.M.
Sudarsana Natchiappan
33. Ministry of Finance - Shri Jesudasu Seelam

POWER STATIONS IN INDIA

Sources of Energy : Thermal (Coal), Hydro, Nuclear,
Others- Solar
The Atomic Energy Commission of India was set up
in 1948.
# The total number of Nuclear Power Stations = 8
# Working = 6
# Under Construction = 1
# Proposed = 1
# Working/Functional
~> Tarapore (Maharashtra) - Oldest and biggest in
India
~> Kapakkam (Tamilnadu) - Also known as Indira
Gandhi Nuclear Power Station
~> Rawat Bhata (Near Kota, Rajasthan) - On the
bank of river Chambal, It is the indigenous Nuclear
Power Station of India.
~> Narora (Near Buland Sehar, UP) - On the bank
of River Ganga
~> Kaiga (Karnataka) - On the bank of river Kaveri
~> Kakrapara (Gujrat) - On the bank of river Tapti
Under Construction
~> Kundankulam (Tamilnadu) - Proposed With
Russian collaboration
~> Jaitpur (Maharashtra) - It is a joint venture of
India & France

Muslim population
1. Afghanistan 100%
2. Albania 75%
3. Algeria 99%
4. Angola 25%
5. Argentina 2%
6. Australia 2.09%
7. Azerbaijan 93%
8. Bahrin 100%
9. Bangladesh 85%
10. Bhutan 5%
11. Brazil 0.6%
12. Burma 10%
13. Canada 1.48%
14. Cntral africn rpblc 55%
15. China 11%
16. Egypt 94%
17. Ethopia 65%
18. Fiji 11%
19. France 7%
20. Georgia 11%
21. Germeny 3.4%
22. Greece 1.5%
23. Guinea 95%
24. Guyana 15%
25. Hongkong 1%
26. India 24%
27. Indonesia 95%
28. Iran 99%
29. Iraq 97%
30. Isreal 14%
31. Italy 1%
32. Japan 1%
33. Jordan 95%
34. Kenya 30%
35. Kuwait 89%
36. Lebanon 70%
37. Libya 100%
38. Maldives 100%
39. Malasiya 52%
40. Mauritius 19.5%
41. Mayotte 99%
42. Nigeria 75%
43. Oman 100%
44. Pakistan 97%
45. Phillipines 14%
46. Qatar 100%
47. Romania 20%
48. Russia 18%
49. Saudi arab 100%
50. Singapore 17%
51. Somalia 100%
52. Sri lanka 9%
53. Sudan 85%
54. Syria 90%
55. Tazakistan 85%
56. Tanzania 65%
57. Thiland 14%
58. Tunisia 98%
59. Turkey 99.8%
60. UAE 96%
61. UK 2.5%
62. USA 3.75%
63. Uzbekistan 88%

IMPORTANT HEADS

• Chairman, IRDA – T. S. Vijayan
• Chairman, LIC – S.K. Roy
• President, FICCI –Naina Lal Kidwai
• Chairman, TRAI - Rahul Khullar
• Central Vigilance Commission (CVC)-PradeepKumar
• Director, CBI –Ranjit Sinha
• Chariman, CCI – Ashok Chawla
• President, ASSOCHAM -Raj kumar Dhoot
• President, NASSCOM - R Chandrashekhar
• Chairman, NASSCOM -Krishnakumar Natarajan
• Director, BARC -Dr. Shekhar Basu
• Director, DRDO - Avinash Chander
• Secretary, Department of AtomicEnergy (DAE) - R KSinha
• Chief Information Commissioner(CI C) -Satyanand Mishra
• Chairman, ISRO - Dr. KRadhakrishnan
• Chairperson, CBDT – SudhaSharma
• Chairman, SEBI - U K Sinha
• Chief, Intelligence Bureau – SaiyadAsif Ibrahim
• Director, NCERT - Prof. P Sinclair
• Governor, RBI – Dr. RaghuramRajan.(New Declared)
• MD, NSE – Chitra Ramakrishna
• President, ADB - Takehiko Nakao
• MD, BSE – Ashish Chauhan
• Chariman, University GrantCommission – VedPrakash
• Chief, Indian Airforce – NormanAnil KumarBrowne
• MD, IMF – Christine Lagarde
• Director General, WHO –Margarate Chan
• Chairman, NABARD – PrakashBakshi
• Chief, Indian Army – Bikram Singh
• President, World Bank – Jim YongKim
• Chairman, UPSC – D. P. Agarwal
• Chief, RAW – Alok Joshi
• CEO, IFC – Jim Yong Cai
• Chief, Indian Navy – Devendra Kumar Joshi
• Chairman, National FilmDevelopment Corporation(NFDC) - Ramesh Sippy

ACRONYMS IN NEWS

1. NFSB : National Food Security Bill.
2. IPH : The Institute of Public Health, Bengaluru.
3. IBL : Indian Badminton League.
4. MCX : Multi Commodity Exchange of India Ltd.
5. NSEL : National Spot Exchange Ltd.
6. FTIL : Financial Technologies India Ltd.
7. CCE : Chief Controller of Explosives.
8. LoC : Line of Control.
9. MRPL : Mangalore Refinery and Petrochemicals Limited.
10. JMM : Jharkhand Mukti Morcha.
11. HPCL : Hindustan Petroleum Corporation Limited.
12. ISP : Internet service providers.
13. DoT : Department of Telecom.
14. RIL : Reliance Industries Ltd.
15. PCB : Pollution Control Board.
16. ESPs : Electro Static Precipitators.
17. APPCB : Andhra Pradesh Pollution Control Board.
18. FMCG : Fast Moving Consumer Goods.
19. PSUs : Public Sector Undertakings.
20. BSE : Bombay Stock Exchange.
21. CIL : Coal India Ltd.
22. INTUC : Indian National Trade Union Congress.
23. BMS : Bharatiya Mazdoor Sangh.
24. CITU : Centre for Trade Unions.
25. HMS : Hind Mazdoor Sabha.
26. AITUC : All India Trade Union Congress.
27. NDF : Non-Deliverable Forwards.
28. TRAI : Telecom Regulatory Authority of India. 
29. UCC : Unsolicited Commercial Call.
30. AIFSCO : The Afghan Iron and Steel Consortium.
31. VSP : Vizag Steel Plant.
32. IPO : Initial Public Offer.
33. RINL : Rashtriya Ispat Nigam Ltd.
34. NMDC : National Mineral Development Corporation.
35. SAIL : Steel Authority of India Ltd.
36. JISCO : Jindal Iron and Steel Company.
37. JSPL : Jindal Steel and Power Limited.

25 ULTIMATE TIPS FOR BETTER LIFE

1. Take a 10-30 minute walk every day & while you walk, SMILE.
It is the ultimate antidepressant.
2. Sit in silence for at least 10 minutes each day.
3. When you wake up in the morning, Pray to ask God's guidance for your purpose, today.
4. Eat more foods that grow on trees and plants and eat less food that is manufactured in plants.
5. Drink green tea and plenty of water. Eat lueberries, broccoli, and almonds.
6. Try to make at least three people smile each day.
7. Don't waste your precious energy on gossip,energy vampires, issues of the past, negative thoughts or things you cannot control.
Instead invest your energy in the positive present moment.
8. Eat breakfast like a king, lunch like a prince and dinner like a college kid with a maxed out charge card.
9. Life isn't fair, but it's still good.
10. Life is too short to waste time hating anyone. Forgive them for everything !
11. Don't take yourself so seriously. No one else does.
12. You don't have to win every argument. Agree to disagree.
13. Make peace with your past so it won't spoil the present.
14. Don't compare your life to others. You have no idea what their journey is all about.
15. No one is in charge of your happiness except you.
16. Frame every so-called disaster with these words: 'In five years, will this matter?'
17. Help the needy, Be generous ! Be a 'Giver' not a 'Taker'.
18. What other people think of you is none of your business.
19. Time heals everything.
20. However good or bad a situation is, it will change.
21. Your job won't take care of you when you are sick. Your friends will. Stay in touch.
22. Envy is a waste of time. You already have all you need.
23. Each night before you go to bed ,Pray to God and Be thankful for what you'll accomplish, today !
24. Remember that you are too blessed to be stressed.
25.Share this to everyone on your list to help them lead a happier
life...!!!!

GOVERNORS OF RESERVE BANK OF INDIA (RBI)
1 Sir Osborne Smith 1 April 1935 – 30 June 1937
2 Sir James Braid Taylor 1 July 1937 – 17 February 1943
3 Sir C. D. Deshmukh 11 August 1943– 30 June 1949
4 Sir Benegal Rama Rau 1 July 1949 – 14 January 1957
5 K. G. Ambegaonkar 14 January 1957 – 28 February 1957
6 H. V. R. Iyengar 1 March 1957 – 28 February 1962
7 P. C. Bhattacharya 1 March 1962 – 30 June 1967
8 L. K. Jha 1 July 1967 – 3 May 1970
9 B. N. Adarkar 4 May 1970 – 15 June1970
10 S. Jagannathan 16 June 1970 –19May 1975
11 N. C. Sen Gupta 19 May 1975 – 19 August 1975
12 K. R. Puri 20 August 1975 – 2 May1977
13 M. Narasimham 2 May 1977 – 30 November 1977
14 Dr. I. G. Patel 1 December 1977 – 15 September 1982
15 Dr. Manmohan Singh 16 September 1982 –14 January 1985
16 A. Ghosh 15 January 1985 – 4 February 1985
17 R. N. Malhotra 4 February 1985 – 22 December 1990
18 S. Venkitaramanan 22 December 1990 – 21 December 1992
19 Dr. C. Rangarajan 22 December 1992 – 21 November 1997
20 Dr. Bimal Jalan 22 November 1997 – 6 September 2003
21 Dr. Y. Venugopal Reddy 6 September 2003 – 5 Sept 08
22 Dr. Duvvuri Subbarao 5 September 2008 – 5 Sep 2013
23 Dr. Raghuram Ranjan (After Sep 5,2013 , at present)

PARLIAMENT OF VARIOUS COUNTRIES

Country - Parliament

1. U.S.A. – Congress
2. Afghanistan - Shora
3. Australia - Parliament
4. Bangladesh -Jatia Parliament
5. Bhutan - Tasongadu
6. Canada - Parliament
7. China - National People Congress
8. Denmark - Folketing
9. Egypt - People’s Assembly
10. France - National Assembly
11. Germany - Bundestag
12. Great Britain - Parliament
13. India - Parliament (Sansad)
14. Iran - Majlis
15. Ireland - Dail Eireann
16. Israel - Knesset Official
17. Malaysia - Majlis
18. Maldive - Majlis
19. Magnolia - Khural
20. Nepal - Rasthtriya Panchayat
21. Netherlands - States General
22. Norway - Storting
23. Pakistan - National Assembly / Majlis-e-Shoora
24. Poland - Scym
25. Spain - Crotes
26. Sweden - Riksdag
27. South Africa - Parliament
28. Switzerland - Federal Assembly
29. Russia - Duma
30. Taiwan - Yuan
31. Turkey - Grand National Assembly

AMAZING FACTS ABOUT WARREN BUFFETT

3rd RICHEST MAN IN THE WORLD

(1) Warren bought his first share at age 11 and he
now regrets that he started too late!
(2) He bought a small farm at age 14 with savings
from delivering newspapers.
(3) He still lives in the same small 3 bedroom
house in mid-town Omaha, that he bought after he
got married 50 years ago. He says that he has
everything he needs in that house. His house does
not have a wall or a fence.
(4) He drives his own car everywhere and does not
have a driver or security people around him.
(5) He never travels by private jet, although he
owns the world's largest private jet company.
(6) His company, Berkshire Hathaway, owns 63
companies. He writes only one letter each year to
the CEOs of these companies, giving them goals for
the year. He never holds meetings or calls them on
a regular basis.
(7) Warren Buffet has given his CEO's only two
rules.
Rule number 1: Do not lose any of your share
holder's money.
Rule number 2 : Do not forget rule number 1.
(8) He does not socialize with the high society
crowd. His past time after he gets home is to make
himself some pop corn and watch television.
(9) Bill Gates, the world's richest man met him for
the first time only 5 years ago. Bill Gates did not
think he had anything in
common with Warren Buffet. So he had scheduled
his meeting only for half hour. But when Gates met
him, the meeting lasted for ten hours and Bill Gates
became a devotee of Warren Buffet.
(10) Warren Buffet does not carry a cell phone,nor
has a computer on his desk.
(11) His advice to young people: Stay away from
credit cards and invest in yourself.
(12) He has donated $31 billion (85% of his
fortune) to charity.

FUNDAMENTAL DUTIES OF INDIAN CITIZEN

On the basis of the recommendations of Swarn
Singh Committee, Fundamental duties were
included in the Constitution under Article 51A of
part IV by the 42nd Constitutional Amendment Act,
1976. Under these provisions, a citizen of India is
expected to faithfully observe the following
fundamental Duties :
1. To abide by the Constitution and respect its
ideas and institutions, the National Flag and the
National Anthem;
2. To cherish and follow the noble ideals which
inspired our national struggle for freedom;
3. To uphold and protect the sovereignty, unity and
integrity of India;
4. To defend the country and render national
service when called upon to do so;
5. To promote harmony and spirit of common
brotherhood among all the people of India,
transcending religious, linguistic, regional or
sectional diversities, to renounce practices
derogatory to the dignity of women;
6. To value and preserve the rich heritage of our
composite culture;
7. To protect and improve the natural environment
including forests, lakes, river, and wildlife and to
have compassion for living creatures;
8 . To develop the scientific temper, humanism and
spirit of inquiry and reform;
9. To safeguard public property and to abjure
violence;
10. To strive towards excellence in all spheres of
individual and collective activities so that the
nation constantly rises to higher levels of endeavor
and achievement;
11. To provide opportunities for education to his
child or, as the case may be, ward between age of
6 and 14 years;
(This point was adopted from 86th Constitutional
Amendment Act, 2002.)

TOP 10 PEOPLE WITH HIGHEST RECORDED IQ
(10). Kim Ung-Yong :
Kim Ung-Yong is the most intelligent personality of the world declared in one of the post of our blog. Kim Ung-Yong scored 210 in IQ test but it was not adult IQ test. When his IQ score is converted to Advance IQ score it becomes 170 which gives him 10th position in this list.
(9). Marilyn vos Savant :
Marilyn vos Savant is the world’s intelligent women with highest IQ score for any women which is 186. She is a popular dramatist but she is known for her IQ score. She writes columns by the title of “Ask Marilyn” where she answers reader’s questions. Last year, she did mistake in one of her columns which she admitted this year.
(8). Bobby Fischer :
This genius was an excellent chess player who died at the age of 64. He remained World Champion of chess from 1972-74 for United States. He was an American but in his later part of life he expressed anti-American views which caused him to leave his homeland. He was given citizen of Iceland where he lived his last part of life and died. His Advance IQ score is 187. Just a difference of 1 score gives him higher rank over world’s most intelligent women.
(7). Leonardo da Vinci :
Leonardo da Vinci was a man of genius. He mastered the art of painting, music, geology, mathematics and had a goof command over other disciplines. He is known for his painting, Mona Lisa. His IQ score is 190 and gets 7th position in world’s smartest people list based on Advance IQ score.
(6). Ludwig Wittgenstein :
Another man with the score of 190 is Ludwig Wittgenstein who was a philosopher and worked on logic. He also worked in military in World War I and his participation made him a changed man. He got the post of professor of philosophy and taught students at Cambridge.
(5). Garry Kasparov :
Garry Kasparov was a real genius in chess. He is Grandmaster in chess and remained World Champion for consecutive 9 years which is an honor for any chess player. No other chess player has enjoyed the status of being World Champion for 9 years. In 2005, he gave up the game. He is from Russia and holds anti-Putin views.
(4). Sir Isaac Newton :
Newton has IQ score of 190 which is equivalent to previous three people mentioned in the list but his work in the field of physics gives him higher rank. After Einstein, he is the most ranked physicist in the world.
(3). Christopher Langan :
Christopher Langan with the score of 195 is at third spot. He is also the part of our previous post about intelligent people. He is popular for his theory about mind and reality. He was an active student and his ability to understand things quickly did not work for him at school and he was dropped out.
(2). William J. Sidis :
This brilliant man did not live much and died at the age of 46. He got admission in Harvard at the age of 11 and became youngest student at Harvard. He had command over 40 languages and had IQ of 197 which is rare and gives the clue of his intelligence.
(1). Abdesselam Jelloul :
Abdesselam Jelloul is the man with highest IQ score in the world. He scored 198 in IQ test held in 2012. He holds the record to have highest score in Advance IQ test. The test included 13 different dimensions of intelligence including analytical, linguistics, spiritual, philosophical and 9 others.

List of Revolutions

• Black Revolution - Petroleum Production
• Blue Revolution - Fish Production
• Brown Revolution - Leather/non-conventional(India)/Cocoa production
• Golden Fibre Revolution - Jute Production
• Golden Revolution - Fruits/Overall Horticulture development/Honey Production
• Green Revolution - Food grains
• Grey Revolution - Fertilizer
• Pink Revolution - Onion production/Pharmaceutical (India)/Prawn production
• Red Revolution - Meat & Tomato Production
• Round Revolution - Potato
• Silver Fiber Revolution - Cotton
• Silver Revolution - Egg/Poultry Production
• White Revolution (In India: Operation Flood) - Milk/Dairy production
• Yellow Revolution - Oil Seeds production
• Evergreen Revolution - Overall development of Agriculture

BASIC COMPONENTS OF COMPUTER

A network has 5 basic components. Thay are :
- clients
- servers
- channels
- interface devices
- operating systems.
SERVERS : Servers or Host computers are are
powerful computers that store data or applications
and connect to resources that are shared by the
users of a network.
CLIENTS : Client is the computer used by the users
of the network to access the servers and shared
resources (such as hard disks and printers). So, a
personal computer is a client.
CHANNELS : The technical name of channels is
network circuit. It is the pathway over which
information travels between the different computers
(clients and servers) that comprise the network.
INTERFACE DEVICES : The devices that connect
clients and servers (and sometimes other networks)
to the channel are called interface devices. The
common examples are modems and network
interface cards.
OPERATING SYSTEMS : This is the Network
Software. It serves purpose that the operating
system serves in a stand-alone computer.

Linux Facts For You...
1. Linux is not an OS, but it is the kernel, GNU
Linux is the OS and it comes in several hundred
flavours.
2. Linux Kernel was written by a 21 year finnish
college student as a part of his hobby. Yup! His
name is Linus Torvalds.
3. Torvalds created Linux based on GNU General
Public License (GPL). Perhaps Torvalds would
have never written his own kernel if GPL would be
having it’s own kernel and driver.
4. Major part of today’s Linux kernel is written in C
programming language and assembly language and
only 2% of today’s kernel contains code written by
Torvalds.
5. A Standard Linux Kernel of today has over 10
Million lines of code and it grows at the rate of 10%
every year. About 4500 lines of codes are added
and 1500 lines of code are changed everyday.
Initially in 1991, Linux kernel version 0.01 was
released with 10239 lines of code.
6. A guy named William Della Croce Jr. registered
the name Linux and demanded royalty for using its
name and mark. However he agreed to handover
the trademark to Linus, later.
7. The Linux kernel’s official mascot is a penguin
named Tux, abbreviation of tuxedo. The idea that
Linux had a pet penguin comes from Linus Torvalds
himself.

IMPORTANT  POINTS TO  FOLLOW
- TO RECOVER OUR INDIAN RUPEE VALUE
Dollar is not getting stronger, rupee is getting
weaker! & nobody else is responsible for d fall,
except us! How can we change it!
1. A Cold Drink produced for 70-80 paisa sold at
Rs. 9-10! Stop drinking them, Drink Lemon juice,
Lassi, Fruit juice, butter milk.
Instead of coke, pepsi.
2. Use Soaps such as Cinthol, Santoor,Medimix,
Neem, Godrej \.
Instead of lux,lifebuoy, rexona, liril, dove, pears,
hamam, camay, palmolive !
3. Toothpaste-
Use Neem, babool, vicco, dabur
Instead of colgate, close up, pepsodent, cibaca
4. Talcum powder-
Use santoor, gokul,cinthol, boroplus
Instead of ponds, old spice, johnson, shower to
shower.
8. Milk powder
Use indiana, amul,amulya
Instead of anikspray,milkana, everyday milk,
milkmaid
9. Shampoo-
Use Nirma, Velvette
Instead of halo, all clear, sunsilk, head and
shoulders, pantene
10. Mobile connections-
Use bsnl, airtel, reliance,idea
Instead of vodafone
11. Food-
Eat at Local vending Zones , local restaurants
Instead of mac-DNLD, subway, pizza hut, kfc,
Mongenese
12. Mobile
Use micromax, karbonn, lava
Instead of samsung,apple, htc, sony
13. Bikes-
Use hero, royal enfield
Instead of honda, yamaha
14. Footwear-
Use bata, chavda
Instead of nike, reebok, adidas, converse
15. Jeans and shirts
Use spykar, k-lounge
Instead of lee, levi's, U.s. Polo, pepe, benetton
16. Watch
Use titan, sonata,fasttrack
Instead of tommy, Citizen, zodiac, tissot
Change comes from within!
Start the change by simply changing your mobile
network and spread the change by broadcasting
this msg to everyone In your contact list..!!
I did my part, you do yours and lets see by the end
of this year does 1$ become Rs. 70 or it becomes
Rs. 50.